24. Work

The benefits of staying in the same job for life

• Employees have a stable career with one employer
• They have a good pension and health insurance
• Their salaries gradually increase
• They may be promoted within the organization
• They demonstrate loyalty
• Experienced staff can be trusted with more responsibility
• They become part of a team
• There is a clearly defined path for development

The benefits of not staying in the same job

• People often change jobs in order to further their career
• Another company may offer a promotion or a higher salary
• People who change jobs can gain experience
• They can learn different skills
• Changing jobs is interesting and challenging
• People can retrain in a different occupation
• In a fast-changing world workers need to be flexible
• People need to develop a range of experience and skills

Self-employment

• Nowadays, it is easy to set up a company
• The Internet provides a global marketplace
• Self-employment offers greater freedom than working for a company
• However, there are risks to starting a new business
• Self-employed people may face financial difficulties
• Many businesses fail to make a profit
• There is less stability in self-employment
• There are no benefits like pensions, sick pay and holiday pay
• Self-employment involved hard work, long hours and total responsibility

Unemployment

• Unemployment is a big problem for individuals, communities and society
• Some people are unable to find a job
• They may not have the sufficient level of education or qualifications
• They may find themselves homeless
• Unemployment causes frustration and stress
• Jobless people may become involved in crime as a means to get money
• The unemployed need careers advice
• Governments need to provide vocational courses and retraining

Unemployment benefits: positives

• Some governments pay unemployment benefits in order to help jobless people
• Unemployed people need financial support until they find a new job
• By claiming benefits they can continue to pay for their homes
• The benefits system helps to reduce poverty, homelessness and crime

Unemployment benefits: negatives

• Some people claim benefits rather than working
• They become dependent on the government
• They are not motivated to find a job
• The benefits system is a burden on taxpayers
• All citizens should work to earn a living and support themselves
• Receiving benefits affects people’s self esteem

Work/Life Balance

• It is important to achieve a balance between work time and leisure or family time
• Too much work can result in stress and poor health
• “workaholics” may neglect their families and friends
• People need to take regular holidays
• Companies should be expect employees to work overtime
• Nowadays, many people work part-time or have flexible working hours
• Technology allow people to work from home
• Many companies provide childcare facilities
• A good work/ life balance can raise job satisfaction
• Happy, healthy workers are more productive

Technology and work

• Internet, fax and mobile phone technologies have revolutionized working life
• Workers can communicate via email, online networks and video conferencing
• Technology can connect workers in different countries
• It gives people more freedom
• It can also save time and money
• Some people believe that offices could disappear in the future
• Virtual online offices may replace them

Child labour

• In some countries, children are exploited
• They do repetitive jobs for very low pay
• Children are often used in agriculture and factory work
• The employment of children is prohibited in other countries
• Many people think that children should be free to enjoy their childhood
• Governments should make education a priority
• They should build new schools
• They should supply the resources to educate children
• Children need to be given the knowledge and skills for adult life

保持同一份工作对生活的好处

• 只有一个雇主，雇员有一个稳定的职业
• 他们有一个好的养老金和健康保险
• 他们的薪水逐步上涨
• 他们在公司内可能被升职
• 他们展示了忠诚
• 有经验的员工会被信任，承当更多的责任
• 他们成为一个团队的一部分
• 成长有一个清楚的定义的路径

不保持同一份工作的好处

• 人们经常改变工作以便促进他们的职业
• 另一个公司可能提供了晋升或一个更高的薪水
• 那些改变工作的人们能获取经验
• 改变工作是有趣的和有挑战性的
• 人们能在一份不同的工作中压抑
• 在一个快速变化的世界中员工需要灵活
• 人们需要发展一系列的经验和技能

创业

• 如今，成立一个公司是简单的
• 网络提供了一个全球的市场
• 创业比为一个公司工作提供了更大的自由
• 然而，开始一个新的商业具有风险
• 创业的人们可能面临经济困难
• 许多商业未能盈利
• 创业有更少的稳定性
• 没有想养老金、病假和假期这样的好处
• 创业需要努力的工作，长时间和全部的责任
• +之于个人，之于社会(促进社会创新，推动社会发展)

失业

• 对个人、社会和社会来说失业是一个大问题
• 一些人未能找到一份工作
• 他们或许没有足够的教育和资历水平
• 他们发现他们自己无家可归
• 失业导致动荡和压力
• 无业之人可能卷进犯罪作为一种赚钱的手段
• 失业的人需要职业建议
• 政府需要提供职业课程和再训练

失业救济:优点

• 一些政府支付失业救济以帮助那些没有工作的人们
• 无业之人在他们找到一个新的工作之前需要经济援助
• 通过领取救济他们可以继续为他们的家支付
• 救济系统帮助减少贫穷，无家可归和犯罪

失业救济:缺点

• 一些人领取救济而不是工作
• 他们变得依赖政府
• 他们没有动力去找工作
• 救济系统是一种纳税人的压力
• 所有的城市居民应该工作去谋得生计并支持他们自己
• 接收救济影响人们的自尊

工作、生活平衡

• 实现工作时间和休闲、家庭时间的平衡是重要的
• 太多的工作能导致压力和差的健康
• 工作狂可能忽略他们的家庭和朋友
• 人们需要修规律的假期
• 公司不应该期望员工超时工作
• 如今，许多人兼职工作或者有一个灵活的工作时间
• 技术允许人们在家工作
• 许多公司提供育儿保健设施
• 一个好的工作、生活平衡能增高工作满意度
• 快乐的、健康的员工更加高产
• +影响家人关系，影响孩子成长

技术和工作

• 网络、传真和手机技术已经变革了工作生活
• 员工可以通过邮件、线上网络和视频会议交流
• 技术能连接不同国家的员工
• 它给人们更多的自由
• 它也能节省时间和金钱
• 一些人相信办公室将在未来消失
• 虚拟的线上办公室可能替代它们

童工

• 在一些国家，孩子被压榨
• 它们做重复工作，拿非常低的薪水
• 孩子们通常被用于农业和工厂工作
• 在其它国家雇佣孩子是被禁止的
• 许多人认为孩子应该自由享受他们的童年
• 政府应该使教育优先
• 他们应该建新的学校
• 他们应该供给资源以教育孩子
• 为了成人生活，孩子们需要被给予知识和技能