22. Transport

Traffic problems

• Traffic congestion is caused by commuters travelling to work
• Most people live in the suburbs outside city centre
• Commuters tend to travel at the same time of day
• They tend to travel alone
• Cars and road space are not used efficiently
• This causes traffic jams during the rush hour

Traffic solutions

• In order to reduce traffic we should change our working habits
• The internet can now be used to connect people
• More people could work from home
• Meetings can be held as video conferences
• Workers could be given flexible timetables
• Another solution would be to tax drivers
• Workers should share their cars and travel together
• In London, for example, there is a congestion charge
• This helps to raise money for better public transport
• Public transport needs to be reliable and efficient

Positives of Public transport

• We need to reduce our dependence on cars
• Parking a car can be extremely difficult in big cities
• Well-designed transport systems are comfortable and convenient
• Modern public transport can be fast and cheap
• Public transport can help to reduce pollution in cities
• Investment in buses and trains will ease traffic congestion
• Buses can be given special lands to avoid traffic

Negatives of public transport

• Public transport if often slow and unreliable
• Metro systems and trains are often dirty and crowded
• People feel like “sardines in a can”
• Cars are much more comfortable

Road safety

• Driving while tired or drunk is extremely dangerous
• Mobile phones can be a dangerous distraction for drivers
• They draw the driver’s attention away from the road
• The use of phones while driving has been banned in many countries
• Punishments are becoming stricter
• Television campaigns are used to remind people to drive safely
• Speed cameras have become more common
• Speed bumps are another form of traffic calming
• Many streets are designed with the aim of slowing traffic down

交通问题

• 交通堵塞由通勤者去上班造成
• 大部分人生活在远离城市中心的郊区
• 通勤者倾向每天同样时间旅行
• 他们倾向单独旅行
• 汽车和道路空间没有被高效使用
• 这导致了在高峰期间的交通堵塞

交通途径

• 为了减少交通我们应该改变我们的工作习惯
• 网络现在可以被用来连接人们
• 更多的人可以在家工作
• 会议可以是视频会议举办
• 员工可以被给与灵活的时间表
• 另一个解决途径将是向驾驶员征税
• 员工应该一起共享他们的汽车和旅行
• 在伦敦，比如，存在拥堵费
• 这为更好的公共交通帮助筹集资金
• 公共交通需要稳定和有效

公共交通的优点

• 我们需要减少我们对汽车的依赖
• 在大城市停车极其困难
• 好的设计的交通系统是舒适和方便的
• 现代公共交通可以是快速和便宜的
• 公共交通可以帮助减少城市中的污染
• 公共汽车和火车的投资将减轻交通堵塞
• 可以给公共汽车特殊的土地以避免交通
• +满足中低阶层人的需要

公共交通的缺点

• 公共交通通常慢和不稳定
• 地铁系统和火车通常脏和拥挤的
• 人们感觉像是罐头里的沙丁鱼
• 汽车更舒服

道路安全

• 疲劳驾驶或酒驾是极其危险的
• 移动手机对驾驶员来说可以是一个很危险的分心
• 他们吸引驾驶员的注意力离开道路
• 在很多国家一边驾驶一边使用手机已经被禁止
• 惩罚正变得更严格
• 电视运动正被用来提醒人们安全驾驶
• 高速摄影机已经变得更加常见
• 路面减速装置是另一种形式的车辆减速措施
• 许多街道的设计旨在减慢交通