10. Global issues

Problems in developing countries

• Developing countries face a range if problems
• Standards of healthcare and education are low
• Life expectancy is usually lower than in developed countries
• There is a lack of infrastructure, employment and good quality housing
• Many people are forced to live in poverty
• Food, drinking water and basic medicines are in short supply

How to help developing countries

• The best form of help for developing countries is development aid
• Richer nations can help by investing in long-term projects
• Governments and charities can help by building new houses and schools
• Globalization may also help developing countries
• Multi-national companies can creating jobs in developing countries
• On the other hand, many people emigrate to find work in richer countries
• They often sand money back home to their families
• This money helps to improve the standard of living in developing countries

Immigration

• Some people move to another countries in search of a better life
• Many immigrants come from less developed countries
• Richer, industrialized countries may offer opportunities for employment
• Free healthcare and schooling are available in some developed countries
• Other people migrate to a foreign country to improve their academic qualifications

Positives of immigration and Multi-cultural societies

• From an economic perspective, immigration can be extremely positive
• Many immigrants have skills that are needed in the country they move to
• Immigrants who find work contribute to the economy of their new country
• Many immigrants send money home to help family members
• Immigration also creates cultural diversity
• People of many different nationalities learn to live together
• This can help people to become more open-minded and tolerant

Negatives of Immigration

• Some people believe that immigrants take jobs that should go to local people
• Some immigrant workers work longer hours for less money
• Companies might pay lower salaries to immigrant workers
• Unemployment rates could rise if there are too many immigrants

Opinions about Immigration

• Immigration can help the economy of a country
• It can create multi-cultural societies
• However, immigration needs to be controlled
• In many countries, immigrants need visas or work permit
• Governments should stop companies from exploiting immigrant workers
• Foreign and local workers should have the right to equal pay and conditions

Positives of Globalization

• Business of becoming increasingly international
• Multi-national companies do business across the world
• Companies like MacDonald’s can be seen on high streets in most cities
• Goods are produced in one country and sold in many others
• A global economy means free trade between countries
• This can strengthen political relationships
• Globalization can also create opportunities for employment
• It encourages investment in less developed countries
• It could reduce poverty in the developing world

Negatives of Globalization

• Globalization is not always beneficial to everyone
• Companies can move to countries where labour is cheap
• This creates redundancies, or job losses
• Employees cannot be confident that they have stable jobs
• Companies sometimes exploit their employees in developing countries
• Global trade creates more waste and pollution

The future of Globalization

• There should be global regulations for salaries and working conditions
• Governments should impose laws to protect the environment

发展中国家问题

• 发展中国家面临一系列问题
• 卫生保健和教育标准低
• 预期寿命通常比发达国家低
• 缺乏基础设施、就业和质量好的住房
• 许多人被迫生活在贫穷之中
• 食品、饮用水和基本药物短缺

怎样帮助发展中国家

• 对发展中国家最好的帮助形式是发展援助
• 发达国家可以通过投资长期项目来帮助
• 政府和慈善机构可以通过建新的房子和学校来帮助
• 全球化也可能帮助发展中国家
• 跨国公司可以在发展中国家创造工作
• 另一方面，许多人移民到富裕国家以找到工作
• 他们经常将钱发回至他们的家庭
• 这钱帮助提高发展中国家的生活水平

移民

• 一些人移居到其他国家为了寻求更好的生活
• 许多移民来自欠发达国家
• 更富裕的、工业化的国家或许能提供就业机会
• 免费的儿童保育和教育在一些发达国家可以获得
• 其他人移居到外国是为了提高他们的学术资历

移民和多元文化社会的好处

• 从经济的角度看，移民可以是非常积极的
• 许多移民者具备他要移民国家需要的技能
• 找到工作的移民者对他们新移民国家的经济有贡献
• 许多移民者送钱回家以帮助家庭成员
• 移民也营造了文化多样性
• 许多不同国籍的人们学会一起生活
• 这可以帮助人们变得更加思想开明和宽容

移民的坏处

• 一些人认为移民者夺走了那本属于当地人的工作
• 一些移民员工工作更长时间却只赚到更少的钱
• 公司付给移民员工更少的薪水
• 如果有更多的移民者失业率会上升
• +移民分析(对移入和移出地分别分析，移入:建设城市、治安问题、就业压力;移出:人
• 才流失、贴补家用)

关于移民的观点

• 移民可以帮助一国之经济
• 它可以营造多元文化社会
• 然而，移民需要被控制
• 在很多国家，移民需要签证或者工作许可
• 政府应该阻止公司压榨移民员工
• 外国和本地员工应该享有同等的薪水和条件的权利

全球化的好处

• 商业正变得越来越国际化
• 跨国公司在全球做生意
• 像麦当劳这样的公司在很多城市的大街上随处可见
• 产品在已过生产在很多国销售
• 全球经济意味着国家与国家之间的免费贸易
• 这可以加强政治关系
• 全球化也可以创造就业机会
• 它鼓励在欠发达国家投资
• 它可以减缓发展中国家的贫困
• +文化交流、科学技术交流

全球化的坏处

• 全球化并不总是对每一个人有益
• 公司可以搬迁到有廉价劳动力的国家
• 这导致裁员或工作丢失
• 雇员不能自信他们会有稳定的工作
• 公司有时会压榨来自发展中国家的员工
• 全球贸易产生更多的废物和污染

未来全球化

• 应该有对薪水和工作条件的全球管理
• 政府应该颁布法律来保护环境