6. Environment

Global warming

• Gases such as carbon dioxide trap heat from the sun
• This causes global temperatures to rise
• This process is known as the greenhouse effect
• Human activity is a major factor in the rise of the greenhouse gases
• Factories and vehicles produce emissions and exhaust fumes
• Many developing countries are becoming industrialized
• The number of cars on our streets is growing
• Cheap air travel is allowing more people to fly

Effects of Global Warming

• Global warming will have a significant impact on our planet
• Rising temperature will cause melting of the polar ice caps
• Sea levels will rise
• We can expect more extreme weather conditions
• Flooding and droughts may become more common

Impacts of humans on the environment

• The increasing world population is putting pressure on natural resources
• Fossil fuels like oil and gas are running out
• We are destroying wildlife habitats
• We have cut down enormous areas of rainforest
• This has led to the extinction of many species of animals and plants

Solutions to environment problems

• Governments could introduce laws to limit emissions from factories
• They should invest in renewable energy from solar, wind or water power
• They could impose “green taxes” on drivers and airlines companies
• Government campaigns should promote recycling
• Natural areas and wild animals should be protected
• Individuals should also try to be greener
• We should take fewer flights abroad for holidays
• We should take public transport rather than driving
• We should choose products with less packaging
• We should recycle as much as possible

Waste/rubbish

• The amount of waster we produce has increased
• This problem is a result of our consumer culture
• Products are not made to last
• If something breaks, we throw it way and buy a new one
• Advertisers encourage is to buy the newest fashions
• Packaging is an important part of selling
• Most foods are sold in non-biodegradable plastics packaging
• The amount of household waste is growing
• This waste ends up in landfill sites

Litter

• People do not think about the consequences of dropping rubbish
• They assume that somebody is pad to clean the streest
• Plastic packaging does not break down easily
• Most of the litter seen on streets is fast food packaging

Recycling and other solutions

• Companies should make goods that last longer
• They should not use so much packaging
• Governments should be stricter, about waster produced by companies
• They should put legal limits on packaging
• Consumers should avoid buying over-packaged products
• We should recycle and reuse useful materials.
• There are collection banks for glass, paper and plastic bottles
• Households can use several rubbish bins to separate waste
• Recycling saves energy and raw materials.

Nuclear Power: Positives

• There are several benefits to build more nuclear power stations
• Fossil fuel like oil and gas are running out
• Nuclear power is a sustainable energy source
• It can be used to produce electricity without wasting natural resources
• It could be replace the use of natural resources like coal, oil or gas
• Nuclear power stations are cleaner than fossil fuel power stations
• They could help to reduce carbon emissions that cause global warming
• The risks of accidents are being reduced

Nuclear Power: negatives

• Opponents of nuclear power worry about the safety of power stations
• The building of new nuclear power stations is unpopular
• Nobody wants to live near one
• Nuclear waste disposal is a significant problem
• There is currently no way to decontaminate radioactive material
• People worry that terrorists could steal radioactive materials
• It is safer to produce energy from solar, wind or water power.

全球变暖

• 是诸如二氧化碳困住了来自太阳的热的情形
• 这导致全球温度上升
• 这个过程就是著名的温室效应
• 人类活动是温室气体上升的一个主要影响因素
• 工厂和汽车产生排放和废气
• 许多发展中国家正变得工业化的
• 街上的汽车数量在增加
• 廉价的航空旅行正允许更多的人飞行

全球变暖的影响

• 全球变化将对我们的星球产生一个显著的影响
• 上升的温度将导致极地冰盖的融化
• 海平面将上升
• 我们能预期更多的极端天气条件
• 洪水和干旱将变得更加普遍

人类对环境的影响

• 不断增加的世界人口正在给自然资源施加压力
• 像石油和汽油的化石燃料即将用完
• 我们正在破坏野生生物栖息地
• 我们已经砍伐了大面积热带雨林
• 这已经导致了许多动物和植物物种的灭绝

环境问题的对策

• 政府可以颁布法律来限制工厂的排放
• 他们应该投资来自太阳、风和水能的新能源
• 他们可以对司机和航空公司征收环保税
• 政府运动应该促进回收
• 自然区域和野生动物应该被保护
• 个人也应该努力变得更环保
• 假期时我们应该乘坐更少的飞机去国外
• 我们应该乘坐公共交通而不是开车
• 我们应该选择更少包装的产品
• 我们应该尽可能地回收

废物(waste)、垃圾(rubbish)

• 我们产生的废物的数量已经增加
• 这个问题是我们消费者文化的结果
• 产品没有被制作的持续
• 如果一些东西损坏了，我们就丢弃它并买个新的
• 广告商鼓励买最新的时髦产品
• 包装是销售很重的一部分
• 很多食品被不能被生物降解的塑料包装销售
• 家庭垃圾数量在上涨
• 这些垃圾最终到垃圾填埋点

垃圾(litter)

• 人们不思考丢弃垃圾的后果
• 他们觉得一些人被付钱清扫大街
• 塑料包装降解不易
• 大街上随处可见的垃圾是快餐食品包装

回收和其它途径

• 公司应该使得产品更加持续
• 他们不应该使用过多地包装
• 政府对公司产生的废物应该更加严格
• 他们应该对包装实施合理的限制
• 消费者应该避免购买过度包装的产品
• 我们应该回收和再利用有用的材料
• 有玻璃、纸张和塑料瓶的回收池
• 家庭可以使用好几个垃圾箱来分开废物
• 回收节省能源和原材料

核能:优点

• 建立更多的核能发电站有一些好处
• 化石能源像石油和汽油正在被用完
• 核能是一种可持续的能量来源
• 它可以被用于发电并且不污染自然资源
• 它可以替代自然资源的使用，如煤、石油和汽油
• 核电站比化石能源电站更清洁
• 它们可以帮助减少造成全球变暖的碳排放
• 事故风险正在被减少

核能:缺点

• 反对核能的人担心核电站的安全
• 建立新的核电站的是不受欢迎的
• 没有人想住在离核电站近的地方
• 核废料是一个严重的问题
• 目前还没有办法净化放射性材料
• 人们担心恐怖主义者偷盗放射性材料
• 从太阳、风和水能发电更加安全